The U.S. recorded music industry hit a major turning point in 2024. For the first time ever, paid music subscriptions surpassed 100 million, a milestone that cements streaming as the dominant force in music consumption. At the same time, vinyl sales surged past digital growth, fueling a dual-track future where digital convenience coexists with analog authenticity.
According to the RIAA 2024 Year-End Revenue Report, total U.S. music industry revenues reached $17.7 billion—up from $17.1 billion in 2023. But while growth continued, it slowed to just 3%, down from 7.7% the year before. The industry remains overwhelmingly driven by streaming, which generated $14.9 billion and accounted for 84% of the total. Still, cracks are starting to show in the streaming engine as subscriber growth decelerates and saturation looms.
Streaming Reaches Scale, But Questions Linger
The 100 million paid subs mark signals streaming’s scale, but the pace of growth is slowing. Subscription revenues rose 5.3% YoY, but overall streaming growth dipped to just 3.6%. As the market matures, platforms are exploring new monetization levers—price hikes, premium tiers for superfans, and exclusive content drops—to stay ahead.
A key driver of subscription growth remains the ease of access across devices, personalized algorithmic curation, and the availability of freemium models that funnel users into paid tiers. But while the model is efficient, it’s far from equitable. Many artists still receive fractions of pennies per stream, raising concerns about long-term sustainability. The result? A growing call from creators for better royalty structures, ownership models, or direct-to-fan alternatives.
Vinyl Surges with Cultural Momentum
If streaming is about access, vinyl is about experience. 2024 marked vinyl’s 18th straight year of growth, generating $1.4 billion—the format’s strongest performance since 1984. Vinyl outsold CDs in both revenue and units: 44 million records to 33 million CDs.
What’s more telling? Vinyl revenue grew 17% in the first half of 2024—four times faster than streaming. This isn’t just nostalgia. It’s tactile. It’s collectible. It’s cultural. Events like Record Store Day, limited-run editions, and scented vinyl pressings have turned records into artifacts. Taylor Swift alone accounted for 7% of all U.S. vinyl sales, with multiple albums charting in the top five bestsellers.
The Rise of the Superfan Economy
Streaming may capture the masses, but vinyl caters to the emotionally invested. These superfans don’t just listen—they collect, support, and evangelize. Labels are catching on, bundling vinyl with merch, concert access, and exclusive tracks to turn albums into multi-format experiences. Artists like BTS’s Suga, Olivia Rodrigo, and Tyler, the Creator have proven that vinyl demand spans generations and genres.
Matt Bass, RIAA’s VP of Research, described vinyl’s momentum as being driven by “a special love affair” fans have with music they can hold, smell, and display. For superfans, records aren’t just about sound—they’re about identity. This trend reflects a broader shift toward fan-driven economics: the rise of limited editions, collectibles, and fandom as commerce.
Shifting Consumer Behavior: Ownership Fades, Access Dominates
While vinyl thrives, traditional digital formats continue to slide. Digital download revenue dropped 15%, bringing in just $369.7 million—barely 2% of total industry revenues. Album sales—digital and physical combined—also fell nearly 13%, underscoring a shift from ownership to access. Listeners now prioritize curated playlists, algorithmic recommendations, and one-tap playback over buying full albums.
As artist strategies shift to match this behavior, album rollouts may give way to singles-driven release models, platform exclusives, and always-on audience engagement. The emphasis is no longer on selling a product—it’s on sustaining a presence.
The Take
Streaming is at scale, but its economic model is hitting limits. With saturation approaching, platforms will have to work harder to convert casual listeners into high-value subscribers. Meanwhile, vinyl’s momentum proves there’s still an appetite for owning music—especially when it’s wrapped in culture, exclusivity, and identity.
This is the new split in the music economy: mass-market convenience vs. premium, fan-driven connection. To thrive, the industry must stop treating these as opposing forces. Instead, the opportunity lies in building bridges—turning streamers into superfans, bundling analog and digital, and designing for both passive consumption and active participation. The future isn’t about choosing sides. It’s about combining the best of both.
